All conditions
Autoimmune & connective tissue
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Also known as: Lupus, SLE
An autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, blood and other organs, with periods of flares and calm.
Video lesson
Animated explainer
What it is
In lupus, the immune system produces autoantibodies against parts of the body’s own cells, leading to inflammation in many possible organs. It is about nine times more common in women and often begins between ages 15 and 45.
Symptoms
Fatigue, joint pain and swelling, rashes including a butterfly rash across the cheeks, sun sensitivity, mouth ulcers, hair loss, fever, chest pain on breathing, leg swelling and Raynaud’s.
How it’s diagnosed
A positive ANA is the starting point, followed by more specific antibodies such as anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith, complement levels, blood counts and urine tests. Diagnosis combines these with the clinical picture.
Treatment
Hydroxychloroquine is recommended for nearly everyone with lupus. Steroids control flares, and medicines such as mycophenolate, azathioprine, belimumab, anifrolumab or voclosporin are added depending on organ involvement.
Living with it
Daily sun protection, regular urine checks, heart-healthy habits and planned pregnancies all matter. Keep taking hydroxychloroquine even when you feel well.
At a glance
Category
Autoimmune & connective tissue
Also known as
Lupus, SLE
Reviewed by Farhan Tahir, MD, FACR
Questions about your own care?
Book an in-person or telehealth consultation with Dr. Tahir.
For education only. Don’t start, stop or change a medicine without talking to your care team.