Osteoarthritis

Also known as: OA, degenerative joint disease

The most common form of arthritis, where cartilage breaks down and joints become painful and stiff, especially the knees, hips, hands and spine.

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Osteoarthritis

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How it works · Osteoarthritis

A healthy joint

Smooth cartilage cushions the bone ends so the joint moves without friction.

What it is

Osteoarthritis is a whole-joint condition involving cartilage, bone, ligaments and the joint lining. Age, joint injury, genetics, extra body weight and muscle weakness all contribute. It affects more than 30 million adults in the US.

Symptoms

Pain with activity that eases with rest, brief stiffness after inactivity, reduced range of motion, a grating sensation, and bony enlargement of finger joints.

How it’s diagnosed

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on age, symptoms and exam. X-rays show joint-space narrowing and bone spurs but don’t always match pain levels. Blood tests are normal.

Treatment

Exercise and strength training, weight loss and physical therapy are the foundation. Topical NSAIDs, oral pain relievers and joint injections help flares. Joint replacement is very effective for advanced hip and knee disease.

Living with it

Losing even 10% of body weight can noticeably reduce knee pain. Supportive footwear, braces and walking aids help, and staying active protects the joint rather than wearing it out.

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